daily leetcode - valid-parentheses - !

题目地址

https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-parentheses/

题目描述

Given a string containing just the characters '(', ')', '{', '}', '[' and ']', determine if the input string is valid.

An input string is valid if:

  1. Open brackets must be closed by the same type of brackets.
  2. Open brackets must be closed in the correct order.

Note that an empty string is also considered valid.

Example 1:

Input: "()"
Output: true

Example 2:

Input: "()[]{}"
Output: true

Example 3:

Input: "(]"
Output: false

Example 4:

Input: "([)]"
Output: false

Example 5:

Input: "{[]}"
Output: true

思路

这道题让我们验证输入的字符串是否为括号字符串,包括大括号,中括号和小括号。这里需要用一个栈,开始遍历输入字符串,如果当前字符为左半边括号时,则将其压入栈中,如果遇到右半边括号时,若此时栈为空,则直接返回 false,如不为空,则取出栈顶元素,若为对应的左半边括号,则继续循环,反之返回 false。

思路2

关于这道题的思路,邓俊辉讲的非常好,没有看过的同学可以看一下, 视频地址

使用栈,遍历输入字符串

如果当前字符为左半边括号时,则将其压入栈中

如果遇到右半边括号时,分类讨论:

1)如栈不为空且为对应的左半边括号,则取出栈顶元素,继续循环

2)若此时栈为空,则直接返回false

3)若不为对应的左半边括号,反之返回false

mark

(图片来自: https://github.com/MisterBooo/LeetCodeAnimation)

值得注意的是,如果题目要求只有一种括号,那么我们其实可以使用更简洁,更省内存的方式 - 计数器来进行求解,而
不必要使用栈。

事实上,这类问题还可以进一步扩展,我们可以去解析类似HTML等标记语法, 比如

关键点解析

  1. 栈的基本特点和操作
  2. 如果你用的是JS没有现成的栈,可以用数组来模拟
    入: push 出: pop

入: push 出 shift 就是队列

代码

class Solution {
public:
    bool isValid(string s) {
        stack<char> parentheses;
        for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
            if (s[i] == '(' || s[i] == '[' || s[i] == '{') parentheses.push(s[i]);
            else {
                if (parentheses.empty()) return false;
                if (s[i] == ')' && parentheses.top() != '(') return false;
                if (s[i] == ']' && parentheses.top() != '[') return false;
                if (s[i] == '}' && parentheses.top() != '{') return false;
                parentheses.pop();
            }
        }
        return parentheses.empty();
    }
}

代码2

Javascript Code:

/*
 * @lc app=leetcode id=20 lang=javascript
 *
 * [20] Valid Parentheses
 *
 * https://leetcode.com/problems/valid-parentheses/description/
 *
 * algorithms
 * Easy (35.97%)
 * Total Accepted:    530.2K
 * Total Submissions: 1.5M
 * Testcase Example:  '"()"'
 *
 * Given a string containing just the characters '(', ')', '{', '}', '[' and
 * ']', determine if the input string is valid.
 * 
 * An input string is valid if:
 * 
 * 
 * Open brackets must be closed by the same type of brackets.
 * Open brackets must be closed in the correct order.
 * 
 * 
 * Note that an empty string is also considered valid.
 * 
 * Example 1:
 * 
 * 
 * Input: "()"
 * Output: true
 * 
 * 
 * Example 2:
 * 
 * 
 * Input: "()[]{}"
 * Output: true
 * 
 * 
 * Example 3:
 * 
 * 
 * Input: "(]"
 * Output: false
 * 
 * 
 * Example 4:
 * 
 * 
 * Input: "([)]"
 * Output: false
 * 
 * 
 * Example 5:
 * 
 * 
 * Input: "{[]}"
 * Output: true
 * 
 * 
 */
/**
 * @param {string} s
 * @return {boolean}
 */
var isValid = function(s) {
    let valid = true;
    const stack = [];
    const mapper = {
        '{': "}",
        "[": "]",
        "(": ")"
    }
    
    for(let i in s) {
        const v = s[i];
        if (['(', '[', '{'].indexOf(v) > -1) {
            stack.push(v);
        } else {
            const peak = stack.pop();
            if (v !== mapper[peak]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    if (stack.length > 0) return false;

    return valid;
};

Python Code:

    class Solution:
        def isValid(self,s):
          stack = []
          map = {
            "{":"}",
            "[":"]",
            "(":")"
          }
          for x in s:
            if x in map:
              stack.append(map[x])
            else:
              if len(stack)!=0:
                top_element = stack.pop()
                if x != top_element:
                  return False
                else:
                  continue
              else:
                return False
          return len(stack) == 0

扩展

如果让你检查XML标签是否闭合如何检查, 更进一步如果要你实现一个简单的XML的解析器,应该怎么实现?
本文参考自:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/ &
https://github.com/azl397985856/leetcode


标题: daily leetcode - valid-parentheses - !
文章作者: lonuslan
文章链接: https://louislan.com/articles/2020/02/01/1580528890315.html
版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特别声明外,均采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明来自 Hi I'm LouisLan
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