题目地址

https://leetcode.com/problems/simplify-path/

题目描述

Given an absolute path for a file (Unix-style), simplify it. Or in other words, convert it to the canonical path.

In a UNIX-style file system, a period . refers to the current directory. Furthermore, a double period .. moves the directory up a level. For more information, see: Absolute path vs relative path in Linux/Unix

Note that the returned canonical path must always begin with a slash /, and there must be only a single slash / between two directory names. The last directory name (if it exists) must not end with a trailing /. Also, the canonical path must be the shortest string representing the absolute path.

Example 1:

Input: "/home/"
Output: "/home"
Explanation: Note that there is no trailing slash after the last directory name.

Example 2:

Input: "/../"
Output: "/"
Explanation: Going one level up from the root directory is a no-op, as the root level is the highest level you can go.

Example 3:

Input: "/home//foo/"
Output: "/home/foo"
Explanation: In the canonical path, multiple consecutive slashes are replaced by a single one.

Example 4:

Input: "/a/./b/../../c/"
Output: "/c"

Example 5:

Input: "/a/../../b/../c//.//"
Output: "/c"

Example 6:

Input: "/a//b////c/d//././/.."
Output: "/a/b/c"

思路

这道题让简化给定的路径，光根据题目中给的那一个例子还真不太好总结出规律，应该再加上两个例子 path = "/a/./b/../c/", => "/a/c" 和 path = "/a/./b/c/", => "/a/b/c"， 这样我们就可以知道中间是"."的情况直接去掉，是 .. 时删掉它上面挨着的一个路径，而下面的边界条件给的一些情况中可以得知，如果是空的话返回 / ，如果有多个 / 只保留一个。那么我们可以把路径看做是由一个或多个 / 分割开的众多子字符串，把它们分别提取出来一一处理即可

关键点解析

代码

C++ 解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    string simplifyPath(string path) {
        vector<string> v;
        int i = 0;
        while (i < path.size()) {
            while (path[i] == '/' && i < path.size()) ++i;
            if (i == path.size()) break;
            int start = i;
            while (path[i] != '/' && i < path.size()) ++i;
            int end = i - 1;
            string s = path.substr(start, end - start + 1);
            if (s == "..") {
                if (!v.empty()) v.pop_back(); 
            } else if (s != ".") {
                v.push_back(s);
            }
        }
        if (v.empty()) return "/";
        string res;
        for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
            res += '/' + v[i];
        }
        return res;
    }
};

还有一种解法是利用了C语言中的函数strtok来分隔字符串，但是需要把string和char*类型相互转换，转换方法请猛戳这里。除了这块不同，其余的思想和上面那种解法相同，代码如下：

C 解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    string simplifyPath(string path) {
        vector<string> v;
        char *cstr = new char[path.length() + 1];
        strcpy(cstr, path.c_str());
        char *pch = strtok(cstr, "/");
        while (pch != NULL) {
            string p = string(pch);
            if (p == "..") {
                if (!v.empty()) v.pop_back();
            } else if (p != ".") {
                v.push_back(p);
            }
            pch = strtok(NULL, "/");
        }
        if (v.empty()) return "/";
        string res;
        for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
            res += '/' + v[i];
        }
        return res;
    }
};

C++中也有专门处理字符串的机制，我们可以使用stringstream来分隔字符串，然后对每一段分别处理，思路和上面的方法相似，参见代码如下：

C++ 解法二：

class Solution {
public:
    string simplifyPath(string path) {
        string res, t;
        stringstream ss(path);
        vector<string> v;
        while (getline(ss, t, '/')) {
            if (t == "" || t == ".") continue;
            if (t == ".." && !v.empty()) v.pop_back();
            else if (t != "..") v.push_back(t);
        }
        for (string s : v) res += "/" + s;
        return res.empty() ? "/" : res;
    }
};

Java 解法二：

public class Solution {
    public String simplifyPath(String path) {
        Stack<String> s = new Stack<>();
        String[] p = path.split("/");
        for (String t : p) {
            if (!s.isEmpty() && t.equals("..")) {
                s.pop();
            } else if (!t.equals(".") && !t.equals("") && !t.equals("..")) {
                s.push(t);
            }
        }
        List<String> list = new ArrayList(s);
        return "/" + String.join("/", list);
    }
}

本文参考自：
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/ &
https://github.com/azl397985856/leetcode