daily leetcode - binary-tree-level-order-traversal - !
题目地址
https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-level-order-traversal/
题目描述
Given a binary tree, return the level order traversal of its nodes' values. (ie, from left to right, level by level).
For example:
Given binary tree {3,9,20,#,#,15,7}
,
3
/ \
9 20
/ \
15 7
return its level order traversal as:
[
[3],
[9,20],
[15,7]
]
思路
层序遍历二叉树是典型的广度优先搜索 BFS 的应用,但是这里稍微复杂一点的是,要把各个层的数分开,存到一个二维向量里面,大体思路还是基本相同的,建立一个 queue,然后先把根节点放进去,这时候找根节点的左右两个子节点,这时候去掉根节点,此时 queue 里的元素就是下一层的所有节点,用一个 for 循环遍历它们,然后存到一个一维向量里,遍历完之后再把这个一维向量存到二维向量里,以此类推,可以完成层序遍历,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
if (!root) return {};
vector<vector<int>> res;
queue<TreeNode*> q{{root}};
while (!q.empty()) {
vector<int> oneLevel;
for (int i = q.size(); i > 0; --i) {
TreeNode *t = q.front(); q.pop();
oneLevel.push_back(t->val);
if (t->left) q.push(t->left);
if (t->right) q.push(t->right);
}
res.push_back(oneLevel);
}
return res;
}
};
下面来看递归的写法,核心就在于需要一个二维数组,和一个变量 level,关于 level 的作用可以参见博主的另一篇博客 Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II 中的讲解,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
vector<vector<int>> res;
levelorder(root, 0, res);
return res;
}
void levelorder(TreeNode* node, int level, vector<vector<int>>& res) {
if (!node) return;
if (res.size() == level) res.push_back({});
res[level].push_back(node->val);
if (node->left) levelorder(node->left, level + 1, res);
if (node->right) levelorder(node->right, level + 1, res);
}
};
思路2
这道题可以借助队列
实现,首先把root入队,然后入队一个特殊元素Null(来表示每层的结束)。
然后就是while(queue.length), 每次处理一个节点,都将其子节点(在这里是left和right)放到队列中。
然后不断的出队, 如果出队的是null,则表式这一层已经结束了,我们就继续push一个null。
如果不入队特殊元素Null来表示每层的结束,则在while循环开始时保存当前队列的长度,以保证每次只遍历一层(参考下面的C++ Code)。
如果采用递归方式,则需要将当前节点,当前所在的level以及结果数组传递给递归函数。在递归函数中,取出节点的值,添加到level参数对应结果数组元素中(参考下面的C++ Code 或 Python Code)。
关键点解析
-
队列
-
队列中用Null(一个特殊元素)来划分每层
-
树的基本操作- 遍历 - 层次遍历(BFS)
-
注意塞入null的时候,判断一下当前队列是否为空,不然会无限循环
代码
- 语言支持:JS,C++,Python3
Javascript Code:
/*
* @lc app=leetcode id=102 lang=javascript
*
* [102] Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
*
* https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-level-order-traversal/description/
*
* algorithms
* Medium (47.18%)
* Total Accepted: 346.4K
* Total Submissions: 731.3K
* Testcase Example: '[3,9,20,null,null,15,7]'
*
* Given a binary tree, return the level order traversal of its nodes' values.
* (ie, from left to right, level by level).
*
*
* For example:
* Given binary tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7],
*
*
* 3
* / \
* 9 20
* / \
* 15 7
*
*
*
* return its level order traversal as:
*
* [
* [3],
* [9,20],
* [15,7]
* ]
*
*
*/
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* function TreeNode(val) {
* this.val = val;
* this.left = this.right = null;
* }
*/
/**
* @param {TreeNode} root
* @return {number[][]}
*/
var levelOrder = function(root) {
if (!root) return [];
const items = []; // 存放所有节点
const queue = [root, null]; // null 简化操作
let levelNodes = []; // 存放每一层的节点
while (queue.length > 0) {
const t = queue.shift();
if (t) {
levelNodes.push(t.val)
if (t.left) {
queue.push(t.left);
}
if (t.right) {
queue.push(t.right);
}
} else { // 一层已经遍历完了
items.push(levelNodes);
levelNodes = [];
if (queue.length > 0) {
queue.push(null)
}
}
}
return items;
};
C++ Code:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
// 迭代
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
auto ret = vector<vector<int>>();
if (root == nullptr) return ret;
auto q = vector<TreeNode*>();
q.push_back(root);
auto level = 0;
while (!q.empty())
{
auto sz = q.size();
ret.push_back(vector<int>());
for (auto i = 0; i < sz; ++i)
{
auto t = q.front();
q.erase(q.begin());
ret[level].push_back(t->val);
if (t->left != nullptr) q.push_back(t->left);
if (t->right != nullptr) q.push_back(t->right);
}
++level;
}
return ret;
}
};
// 递归
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
vector<vector<int>> v;
levelOrder(root, 0, v);
return v;
}
private:
void levelOrder(TreeNode* root, int level, vector<vector<int>>& v) {
if (root == NULL) return;
if (v.size() < level + 1) v.resize(level + 1);
v[level].push_back(root->val);
levelOrder(root->left, level + 1, v);
levelOrder(root->right, level + 1, v);
}
};
Python Code:
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, x):
# self.val = x
# self.left = None
# self.right = None
class Solution:
def levelOrder(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[List[int]]:
"""递归法"""
if root is None:
return []
result = []
def add_to_result(level, node):
"""递归函数
:param level int 当前在二叉树的层次
:param node TreeNode 当前节点
"""
if level > len(result) - 1:
result.append([])
result[level].append(node.val)
if node.left:
add_to_result(level+1, node.left)
if node.right:
add_to_result(level+1, node.right)
add_to_result(0, root)
return result
本文参考自:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/ &
https://github.com/azl397985856/leetcode